Pre-writing (Invention) Techniques

1. Listing
Open Microsoft Word on your computers. Think of your hometown and write down as many words or phrases connected to it as possible. You have 3 minutes.

2. Free-writing
Think about your high school and write a paragraph about it in 5 minutes. You need to write continuously and not worry about punctuation, grammar or spelling, but focus on the ideas that come to your minds and NEVER stop writing. If you cannot think of anything to say, you should write "I don't know what to write".

3. Clustering
Get a piece of paper and write "The Advantages of Living in the City" in the middle of it. Then write words or phrases associated with the topic. Here's an example of clustering.

4. Talking
Sometimes talking to different people and sharing ideas about the topic you are going to write is a great way to organize your thoughts and come up with ideas before you start writing. In pairs, discuss the advantages of living in the city.

5. Questioning (5W1H)
Choose a topic you are interested in. It can be something related to your field of study, or anything else. Write your topic at the top of the page, then answer the following questions about it:
What?
Where?
When?
Why?
How?
So what?
6. Outlining